Friday 25 September 2020

Azoospermia- Causes and Treatment

Posted by Dr Samit Sekhar on 00:44



You can live a healthy life in spite of having a low sperm count. However, the lack of sperm will  affect your Reproductive life, as a  you cannot become a parent. Although the conditions are not evident, patients with irregular chromosomes or hormone imbalances can complain about the following:

·      Lower sex drive

·      Difficulty in obtaining and maintaining erection

·      Pain or swelling in the scrotum

·      Lack of facial hair and other physical features associated with males

·      Presence of antibodies that attack and kill sperms

·      Infections

·      Undescended testes

Causes


Initial stages involve the growth and formation of the male reproductive organs during puberty stage. both the testicles must be functioning correctly, and your body should be able to produce testosterone and other hormones to trigger and maintain sperm production.
• Sperm to be carried into the semen
Once sperms are produced in testicles, delicate tubes transport them wh\ with semen they are ejaculated out of penis. This process should be happening without obstruction in tubes.
• There needs to be enough sperm in the semen.
If the count of sperm in your semen (sperm count) is low, it decreases the probability of fertilization of female’s egg. A low sperm count is a count lower than 15 million sperms per milliliter of semen or lower than 40 million per ejaculate.
• Sperm Motility or ability of sperm to move
If the movement (motility) or function of your sperm is abnormal, the sperm may not be able to reach or penetrate your partner’s egg.

Medical causes

A number of health issues and medical treatments cause the problems in male fertility. Some of these include:
• Varicocele
A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicles. It is the most common reversible cause resulting in male infertility. Although the exact reason for that varicoceles causes infertility is unknown, it can be related to abnormal regulation of testicular temperature. Varicoceles deplete the quality of the sperm.
Treating the varicocele can improve sperm quantity and quality, and drastically improves outcome when combined in ART techniques such as IVF/ICSI.
• Infection
Few infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scars that block the passage of sperm. These infections include inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and some sexually transmitted infections, including Gonorrhea or HIV. Certain infections may result in permanent testicular damage, most often than not sperms can still be retrieved by a following a proper and accurate protocol.


 Ejaculation issues
Retrograde ejaculation is a condition when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of emerging out the tip of the penis. Many health conditions can be a factor to cause retrograde ejaculation, which includes diabetes, spinal injuries, medications, and surgery of the bladder, prostate or urethra. Few Males with spinal cord injuries or certain diseases cannot ejaculate semen, even though they produce sperm. In most of these cases, sperm can still be retrieved for use in ART techniques.

• Antibodies that attack sperm
In few males, there are anti-sperm antibodies, which are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and try to eliminate them.
• Tumors
Cancers and non-malignant tumors affect male reproductive organs directly, through the glands that release hormones related to reproduction, such as the pituitary gland, or through several other causes. In these cases, treatments such as surgery, radiation or chemotherapy to treat tumors also casts its effects on male fertility.
• Undescended testicles
In some men, in the process of fetal development, one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the sac that normally contains the testicles (scrotum). Occurrence of Male Infertility Factor is more likely in men who have had this condition.

 • Hormone imbalances

Infertility can also result from disorders of the testicles themselves or an abnormality affecting other hormone systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands. Low testosterone levels and other hormonal problems have a number of possible underlying causes in Male Infertility Factor.
• Defects of tubules that transport sperm
Sperm travels through many different miniscule tubes. These can be blocked due to various causes, including resulting injury from a surgery, prior infections, trauma or abnormal development, such as with cystic fibrosis or similar inherited conditions. Such blockages occur at any level, including within the testicles, in the tubes that drain the testicles, in the epididymis, in the vas deferens, near the ejaculatory ducts or in the urethra.
• Chromosome defects
Disorders such as Klinefelter’s syndrome — in which a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (instead of one X and one Y) — cause abnormal development of the male reproductive organs. Other genetic syndromes associated with infertility include cystic fibrosis, Kallmann’s syndrome and Kartagener’s syndrome.
• Problems with sexual intercourse
These include problems such as trouble keeping or maintaining an erection during sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, pain during intercourse, anatomical abnormalities such as having a urethral  opening beneath the penis (hypospadias), or psychological or relationship problems that interfere with sex.
• Celiac disease
A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can be a source of male infertility factor. In such cases, fertility improves after adopting a gluten-free diet.
•Certain medications
Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs and certain other medications can harm sperm production and hence causes decreased male fertility.

 Prior surgeries
Few surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your ejaculate, including vasectomy, inguinal hernia repairs, scrotal or testicular surgeries, prostate surgeries, and large abdominal surgeries performed for testicular and rectal cancers, among others. 

 

Dr. Samit Sekhar.

Owner and Director. 

M.B.B.S.

Master’s in Andrology and Men’s Health(Australia) 

Kiran  Group.

Fertility/Obstetrics/Gynaecology/Genetics/Skin& Aesthetics/Dentistry.

Hyderabad/Bengaluru/Chennai/Dubai/Ukraine

Mobile +91-994-817-5768   

Web:  www.kiranivfgenetic.com

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